Racism in Schools Essay

A few people assume bigotry in schools ceased to exist quite a while back. This announcement couldn’t be all the more off-base. Bigotry in the learning condition is more clear than any time in recent memory, and it should be halted in light of the fact that it influences the manner in which understudies learn and their prosperity. There are numerous accounts and occurrences where separation has happened and the impacts they have had on understudies. Take the workmanship instructor from Chicago for instance. During class one day, a few understudies spilled paint on the teacher’s coat. She turned out to be extremely furious and said,†? all Mexicans are hoodlums, and you were destined to scour floors† The instructor was legitimately terminated from her activity. It was chosen by the Board of Education in Chicago that all the instructors should experience â€Å"sensitivity training†. They don’t need to figure out how to be touchy, what educators need to know is to acknowledge everybody as equivalent. There can be no separation in schools on the grounds that is disturbs the learning condition. There are numerous accounts and records of bigotry in schools against African Americans. They go from the seemingly insignificant details, for example, advising the dark kid to toss out his gum however let the white kid bite it, to moving all the dark children to the rear of the class. There is one anecdote about a white male educator who called a dark understudy â€Å"nigger†. The kid was strolling into the English class one day, and the educator advised him to â€Å"sit down nigga! † The instructor asserts that since he hears the understudies calling each other that calmly in the passages constantly, it gives him an option to likewise utilize the word. He says he utilized the term â€Å"nigga† rather than â€Å"nigger† in light of the fact that they are two totally various words and he could never utilize â€Å"nigger† against somebody. Thusly, the instructor was terminated for racial separation. The bigotry that instructors put onto their understudies causes low desires from dark children. Since they have had such huge numbers of negative encounters in school, they come up short on the inspiration and certainty to progress nicely. It was found in a survey of exploration about educator desires that instructors hold increasingly negative mentalities about dark students’ capacity, language, conduct and potential, than they do of white students’. There are reports of dark understudies scoring lower in perusing evaluations than white understudies. This could be the reason for dark understudies not attempting in light of the fact that they are not certain about themselves. It was additionally discovered that dark children get more serious disciplines than white children for a similar offense, and they are bound to be suspended from schools. There are additionally records of minority guardians feeling that they have had more negative understanding while at the same time visiting their kids’ schools than white guardians. There are reports from the minority guardians about the control issues. Dark understudies don't hope to prevail in the instructive world since how might one appreciate it when their entire lives they have been distinguished as disgraceful and unable. Children should be instructed about prejudice and how to dodge segregation so they don't build up any predisposition considered individuals they grow up. A few schools are in any event, attempting to make bigotry and social decent variety part of their educational program. There is a ton of obliviousness encompassing African Americans, Asians, and understudies of different nationalities and children need to learn and acknowledge all individuals. Acquainting understudies with the various societies that are out there can assist them with learning better and perform better in school. They would not stress over understudies getting injured and would all have similar chances. Understudies would not be worried about disillusioning educators or accepting disciplines that are not proper. There are innumerable records of bigotry happening in schools all around the nation and the world against understudies and furthermore against educators. Alison Moore, a dark educator in London, was assaulted and thumped oblivious by three white understudies while leaving her school a year ago. There is continually going to preference individuals present in schools, yet there are approaches to work around it to help advantage the training of the understudies. Bigotry profoundly influences the manner in which understudies learn and how they will see themselves for the remainder of their lives. A student’s instructor is one of the most significant grown-up figures in one’s life, and on the off chance that there are issues in that relationship, at that point there will be issues perpetually, and no kid needs that in their life.

Cognitive Behavioral Theory Essay

Subjective social treatment (CBT) is a present moment, issue focused treatment that is utilized to address psychopathology inside the individual (Beck, 1995). This model of treatment is utilized to address issues of gloom, uneasiness, dietary problems, social issues, and medication misuse, and can be used when working with people, just as inside gathering and family modalities. The center parts of this treatment incorporate coordinated effort and support by the customer, a solid collusion among specialist and customer, and an underlying spotlight on current issues and working (Beck, 1995). The hypothesis of CBT underscores the connection between the individual’s contemplations emotions and practices, which is viewed just like the fundamental reason for psychopathology in people. In this manner, this hypothesis states that the distinguishing proof, assessment, and alteration of one’s negative contemplations will prompt an improvement in one’s disposition and practices (Beck, 1995). It is imperative to comprehend the ideas and hypothesis from which CBT is situated with the goal for it to be effectively executed in restorative work with people, gatherings, or families. While CBT is utilized to treat mental disarranges, this hypothesis can be inspected by taking a gander at the contemplations, emotions, and practices of individual’s with a nonappearance of psychopathology. Beck (1979) and Beck (1995) present the intellectual model so as to clarify the hypothesis of CBT. The psychological model shows that the feelings that an individual encounters and the practices that they display are a consequence of their view of a circumstance or occasion (Beck, 1995). When in some random circumstance, an individual’s prompt idea reaction is their programmed idea (Beck, 1995). These contemplations are a prompt assessment of the circumstance, which thus legitimately impact the inclination that an individual has about the circumstance. Programmed musings are experienced by everybody and happen in the individual’s mind before thinking. These contemplations happen quickly and generally the individual might be unconscious that they have happened, being increasingly attentive of the feeling that they are feeling at the time (Beck, 1995). When a programmed idea happens inside the individual, it triggers an inclination, which thus triggers the individual’s reaction, for example, a conduct as well as physiological reaction. For instance, after a small kid starts to get his squares to be taken care of, his mom rubs him on the back and gives him acclaim for his activities. His programmed idea might be, â€Å"I am acceptable when I set aside blocks,† setting off a sentiment of certainty, an expanded degree of physical vitality, and the conduct of taking care of the rest of the squares. Programmed considerations can be unbiased, positive, or negative. We as a whole have our own programmed considerations as we travel as the day progressed to-day lives and associate with others. Concerning people with mental disarranges, the subjective model ganders at how pessimistic musings impact the individual’s emotions and practices (Beck, 1995). From a CBT focal point, it is the negative programmed contemplations that an individual has that propagate side effects of mental issue, the event of negative disposition, awkward physiological reactions, and maladaptive or unseemly practices (Beck, 1995). While we as a whole have snapshots of encountering negative programmed contemplations, for those with mental disarranges, and increasingly inescapable troubles in living, negative musings are frequently knowledgeable about circumstances that are impartial, creating negative sentiments that lead to maladaptive practices or reactions that would not commonly be normal from the nonpartisan circumstance (Beck, 1995). Aaron Beck presents hypothesis of the psychological model of how sorrow is established and sustained in people because of the connection between contrary programmed considerations, sentiments, and social reaction. In this conversation, melancholy is conceptualized as far as the subjective ternion, which portrays three parts of negative thinking about the discouraged individual: the individual’s negative perspective on self, their negative perspective on the others and the world, and their negative perspective on the future (Beck, Rush, Shaw, and Emery, 1979). The psychological group of three is kept up by means of the rest of the segments of Beck’s intellectual model of melancholy, the individual’s patterns, or center convictions, and the usage of defective reasoning, or subjective mistakes (Beck, Rush, Shaw, and Emery, 1979). Intellectual hypothesis states that our programmed considerations are established in our center conviction framework or subjective mappings. Center convictions start to be grown right off the bat throughout everyday life and depend on encounters that the individual has for a mind-blowing duration. Since these convictions are so grounded in how the individual perspectives their life, others, and the world, and start to be developed so right off the bat being developed, they become a central part of the person, who believes them to be total facts (Beck, 1995). Center convictions are profoundly established in an individual, to such an extent that the individual might be uninformed of the conviction and how it impacts their considerations about themselves and the world. Every conviction can have fluctuating degrees of quality inside an individual’s everyday life, with some center convictions remaining predominately torpid and just being enacted in specific circumstances, while others might be much of the time present in an individual’s musings (Beck, 1995). It is the individual’s psychological patterns that takes into consideration the order and assessment of various encounters or circumstances (Beck, Rush, Shaw, and Emery, 1979). The center conviction framework keeps up the way an individual encounters and considers a given circumstance (Beck, Rush, Shaw, and Emery, 1979). While everybody conceptualizes a given circumstance in their own specific manner, every individual regularly conceptualizes comparable circumstances along these lines dependent on their own center convictions (Beck, Rush, Shaw, and Emery, 1979). Inside a lot of comparative circumstances, the individual’s center convictions trigger programmed musings, which thusly trigger the individual’s passionate and social reaction. After some time, the individual’s reactions to comparative circumstances become increasingly reliable, in this manner making the improvement of a standard reaction these sorts of circumstances. As this reliably happens, the diagram associated with specific sort of occasion is additionally evolved and the individual’s statement that the conviction holds essential truth is fortified (Beck, Rush, Shaw, and Emery, 1979). Beck’s hypothesis basic CBT centers around the possibility that side effects of gloom, just as those of other mental issue, are created and kept up through to the individual’s negative center convictions and activated negative musings. Notwithstanding the individual’s negative blueprints, Beck’s hypothesis expresses that the intellectual group of three of negative comprehensions of self, others, and future is additionally sustained through examples of flawed reasoning (Beck, Rush, Shaw, and Emery, 1979). There are an assortment of broken reasoning systems that are utilized by individual’s to help their programmed musings and center convictions, even considering conflicting proof (Beck, Rush, Shaw, and Emery, 1979). This kind of reasoning can be portrayed as naming, over summing up, personalization, enthusiastic thinking, amplification or minimization, and win big or bust or impetrative reasoning (Beck, 1995). These subjective blunders are regularly outrageous and unreasonable manners by which the individual surveys and reaches determinations with respect to their issues, which is then used to additionally bolster their negative conviction framework and programmed considerations. CBT hypothesis proclaims that the individual can figure out how to recognize their programmed contemplations, in this way making a road for changing the feelings, practices, and mental reactions to different circumstances. While using CBT with a customer, it is important for the specialist to conceptualize the individual’s introducing issues from the point of view of the psychological model (Beck, 1995). This should be possible through crafted by social event data in regards to the individual’s current issues, analysis, and how the issues have been created and kept up. As this data is gathered, the CBT specialist starts to survey and recognize the off base and unhelpful contemplations associated with the issues, and the practices that are shown because of this reasoning (Beck, 1995). As this is done, the specialist would then be able to start to direct the person to distinguish, look at, and address or alter the adverse programmed contemplations, hidden center convictions, and defective reasoning components that have supported the introducing issues (Beck, 1995).

Enterprise Resource Planning Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Venture Resource Planning - Coursework Example Meanwhile the absolute best ERP merchants appear and give a guide on the most proficient method to progress their customers from their present business practice to the business best practice and administrative agreeable procedures. It ought to be noticed that it would be to the greatest advantage of most ERP merchants to expand the hour of a usage since it essentially implies a more extended commitment which would guarantee a consistent income for the ERP seller. It ought to likewise be noticed that most customer organizations consider their procedure truly outstanding if not the best procedure in the business and that most workers or even directors and pioneers of the organization’s safe place lies in their own inheritance forms. The last two sentences are contrarily relative to the length of commitment of the ERP merchants relying upon the gathering to which they have a place (great, excellent, better or the best). It is accordingly vital to consider that it would be to the greatest advantage of the ERP merchant to expand their commitment with a specific customer. There are a few contemplations in actualizing ERP in an organization, this would incorporate cultural assimilation and absorption of ERP bolstered forms and the coordination and utilization of the ERP in the ordinary exercises of the organization. In this way, ERP isn't just actualizing applications after application it additionally incorporate change the board from the corporate social level. The cultural assimilation and submersion of the ERP into the way of life of the organization is considered the most strong basic achievement factor for any ERP execution and leaving this duty to merchants may not be a decent business choice.. An ERP execution ought not be considered as an IT anticipate but instead a venture including the whole association to guarantee its prosperity. All Business Process Owners and Subject Matter Experts in the association ought not exclusively be tapped as an asset but instead they ought to be the lead engineer in characterizing the extension or blue print of the whole organization’s forms and their between connection with one another. The ERP merchant as far as concerns its ought to have the option to characterize and give a point by point map on the most proficient method to give answers for the holes found between what is given by the ERP arrangement and the blue printed business forms. During the acknowledgment phase of the ERP venture or the phase where the vast majority of the improvement of the answers for the holes are settled, broad testing of genuine information ought to be finished by the topic specialists and the clients themselves. During information movement real retrofitting of the information ought not exclusively be accurate yet their ensuing application to the framework and the yield that ought to be gotten from them ought to be entirely smoothed out. Preparing ought not be limited on the most proficient method to utilize the framework yet the preparation ought to likewise cover how to determine clashes. The preparation should cover zones and subject that would empower the customer to act naturally supporting and independent. Go live and backing ought to incorporate pressure testing and procedure exemption taking care of to guarantee that in any event, during the most laborious clash the whole ability group of the customer would have the option to determine and give answer for the contention if not a transitory work around. Given the abovementioned, ERP customers or potential customers ought not let ERP merchants characterize their necessities for them, while the ERP seller can be counseled on what is the business standard as executed in the ERP arrangement their

The Perceptive Fox free essay sample

The world I have risen up out of is equivalent to that of the energetic and shrewd fox, which knows its limits and crosses them with alert and insight. Many would think that its unusual that I would delineate myself as having the humble and abhorrent personality that the lady in related with; in any case, the condition the fox stays in has brought the it stunning characteristics that individuals have tricked from, including autonomy, collaboration, and tirelessness. The world the fox stirs to is desolate; being a rebel from the canine species, a fox doesn't trust to packs or base it’s endurance on some other person. Such freedom is practically equivalent to the satisfaction I feel when I am ready to achieve assignments by own legitimacy. In my very own life, I have not had the option to depend on my family to guarantee my endurance, in light of the fact that my mom succumbed to a liquor compulsion during my first year of secondary school. We will compose a custom article test on The Perceptive Fox or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Be that as it may, similar to the fox, I don't see this autonomous way of life as a solemn presence; rather, a chance to thrive and apply what I have figured out how to my future. Anxious to hold onto the job needing to be done, the fox is eager to invest heavily in its own capacities to outmaneuver its opposition. In like manner, I trust in my own capacities and knowledge to lead me well beyond the necessities of a goal. Subsequently, similar to the free fox, I have figured out how to trust in my own capacities and endeavor to obtain accomplishment all alone. Despite the fact that the woodland is a forlorn spot and the fox invests heavily in achieving its own objectives, it additionally values connections on an individual level. Eyewitnesses sufficiently fortunate to contemplate the universe of the fox have discovered that foxes are a portion of the main creatures that â€Å"date† their mates. Fox couples have been seen meandering the woods playing and chasing together. Like the fox, I trust in my own capacities, I additionally discover satisfaction in working in gatherings and drawing out the best characteristics in others. I have found in my life, that for quite a while I had separated myself; like the singular fox. By creating social aptitudes and freeing myself up to my cohorts, I discovered incredible solace in helping other people and permitting others to support me. The powerlessness to rely upon my family, has instructed me that individual connections are significant; subsequently, I will hold onto any offered chance to bec ome more acquainted with my companions and associates on an individual level. My longing to grow cozy connections and capacity to draw out the best characteristics of others are what will lead me to at my college and in my future vocation as a specialist. Foxes are usually known for their stealing of chickens and capacity to escape from traps. Despite the fact that the way to the farmer’s chicken coop drives the fox into the eyes of the tracker, it sees the risk and gets anxious to outmaneuver its adversary. This is equivalent to my craving to take a stab at more significant standards and my capacity to gain from awful encounters. I have gained from my reality, that the best of dangers whenever broke down cautiously can yield the best open doors for information and development. For instance, it is a direct result of my mother’s liquor abuse that I will never drink alcohol. In like manner, I realize that if my folks have just have sought after going to a junior college, I need to take a stab at a University. The fox’s capacity to gain from watching, gain information from errors, and jump over the limits of a fence, speaks to the characteristics that will acquire achievement my life and future profession in Psychology. With the tracker continually in interest, the universe of a fox is dull and repulsive; in any case, I uncover that it is the darkest of spots where the stars sparkle most brilliant and the best dreams understand. My adoration for the fox originates from my normally keen disposition. Albeit many would see foxes as hazardous hoodlums, I see them as dauntless animals that settle on their choices dependent on their longing for endurance. I discover compassion toward even the most noticeably terrible of medication addicts and angriest of youngsters. Similarly as the fox cautiously watches a circumstance before acting, I discover satisfaction in breaking down and increasing a more profound comprehension of the individual and think about the most ideal approach to help them. My keen characteristics lead me away from judgment; rather towards perception and unprejudiced examination. My adoration for the fox originates from my normally discerning disposition. Albeit many would see foxes as hazardous criminals, I see them as dauntless animals that settle on their choices dependent on their craving for endurance. I discover compassion toward even the most exceedingly awful of medication addicts and angri est of young people. Similarly as the fox cautiously watches a circumstance before acting, I discover delight in dissecting and increasing a more profound comprehension of the individual and reflect on the most ideal approach to help them. My insightful characteristics lead me away from judgment; rather towards perception and unprejudiced investigation. I am glad for this quality since it has driven me to cozy connections, individual quietness, and has demonstrated powerful in the lives of others. Being normally thoughtful and ready to tune in to a perspective without judgment, I have discovered that individuals are normally attracted to me. Its not far-fetched for somebody that I havent conversed with for a considerable length of time to move toward me with the most profound of their issues. I accept this is on the grounds that they can detect my keen capacities and discover comfort in my recommendation. One route specifically that I had the option to rehearse this expertise was in Alateen, a care group for youngsters with alcoholic guardians. I ended up helping youngsters who had illicit drug habits, distinctive sexual inclinations, and outrage issues. Despite the fact that the world would regularly avoid these individuals I found that by really tuning in to a people perspective methods envisioning what its like to be them. At lon g last I presumed that these children werent awful individuals, rather they were denied of the assistance they required in view of their folks liquor addiction. The capacity to help individuals by tailing them into an amazing account is the thing that presents to me the most satisfaction. I find that the more individuals I am ready to help with their issues carries my own concern to rest. Because of the delight that helping other people brings me, I have chosen to seek after a profession in Psychology. Brain research will assist me with fortifying my aptitudes of observation by showing me how precisely the mind produces various perspectives. I am anxious to carry my insight to the individuals who need it and give my compassion and perspective to my friends in school.

national debate over slavery essays

national discussion over servitude papers The National Debate over Slavery in 17 - 1860 was significant. Occasions from the cotton gin, to the Dred Scott case all played a significant move in servitude and history. Here are a couple more. In June 1776 the Declaration of Independence was agreed upon. It was an announcement of explanations behind the division between Britain. The statement sited that all men are made equivalent. It implied that individuals shouldnt be decided by the shade of their skin nor their religion. All through the entire revelation, revisions have been added to make the world progressively equivalent. For instance, the fifteenth amendment conceded African American guys the option to cast a ballot, and afterward in 1920 the nineteenth amendment allowed ladies the option to cast a ballot. African Americans couldn't help in the Declaration of Independence. The three-fifths bargain was at the protected show. It called for three fifths of a states slave populace to be meant reasons for portrayal. If slaves somehow managed to be remembered for a state populace tally, the southern satiates with their numerous slaves, would go into extraordinary force in the House of Representatives. On the off chance that they were checked, southern states would be frail in the house. The African Americans still werent permitted to cast a ballot and their inclinations wouldnt be spoken to in congress. In 1793, Eli Whitney created the cotton gin. He had seen to what extent it took to clean cotton seeds from the cotton strands. The cotton gin was a machine that isolated the seeds from crude cotton filaments. Along these lines the cotton gin helped keep the southern states a place where there is subjection and of cultivating, while the northern states turned into a place where there is free work and of industry. The improvement of the cotton factory industry in the north was modest cotton which rose to free work which than rose to a tremendous benefit for the organizations. The Missouri Compromise was marked into law in 1820. It is likewise called The Compromise of 1820. It had two primary concerns. First ... <!

Health Wellbeing and Social Work Case Study Example

Health Wellbeing and Social Work Case Study Example Health Wellbeing and Social Work â€" Case Study Example > The paper “ Health Wellbeing and Social Work” is a delightful example of a case study on health science and medicine. This essay focuses solely on part A of the case study. In particular, the focus is placed on an analysis of the client’ s situation with the view of proposing appropriate mental health literacy, using a rights-based approach to support the client’ s right to safety through the development of a safety planning and suicide risk assessment. Based on the facts presented by the case, Noni has depression. She has trouble coping at home with the children and her husband. She also has trouble sleeping. In addition, she worries about the kids, she feels a terrible sense of dread in regards to her future, she has trouble thinking, making the decision and concentrating, has lost interest in her job and lastly, she has lost sex drive. Her son’ s condition is also a concern. Sadil shows signs of having Attention Deficit hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). He is hyperactive and had difficulty controlling his behaviour and staying focused. Sadil needs a range of interventions including social skills management, behaviour management and counselling. Noni needs mental health literacy to enable her to understand her son’ s ADHD condition as well as her personal experiences. Health literacy is crucial for patient management. By lacking the capacity to acquire, process and understand crucial basic mental health information, she will not be able to take care of herself and her son or make right health decisions (Kelly, Jorm and Wright, 2007) There is also a need to respond to Noni’ s experiences of domestic violence. She complains that her husband (Sid) is very aggressive and has hit her numerous times. Noni also says that Sid is “ heavy-handed” with the children. The human rights-based approach should be applied to support Noni’ s right to safety in the context of violence against women (UN Women, 2012). There is also a need for suicide risk assessment to determine whether Noni’ s mental disorder has the potential to cause hazards. In the case, Noni has experienced suicidal thoughts. However, there is no guarantee that she can harm herself and others as triggered by her psychiatric disorders. In this respect, safety plans should be developed to serve as an important adjunct to risk assessment (Pisani, Cross and Gould, 2011; Stanley and Brown, 2008). Increase Noni’ s mental health literacy to enable her to better understand her Sadil’ s, behaviour and her own experiences. Expand: In the case, Noni has literacy problems with regards to her son’ s behaviour, as she doesn’ t know that Sadil, the son, could be having ADHD as advised by the GP. Noni thinks that Sadil’ s behaviour is a result of bullying at school. Literacy problems among the parents are associated with the high risk of internalising and externalising disorders in children. This calls for mental health literacy among parents to increase their capacity to acquire, analyse and understand the basic health information on issues affecting children to enable them to make proper health decision (AHRQ, 2011). Health literacy consists of an assemblage of skills essential for individuals to respond effectively in the health care environment and in the right manner using health care information. In this case, mental health literacy would refer the knowledge and perceptions about mental disorders that help in their recognition, intervention and prevention (Berkman et al, 2006). It includes the ability to recognise mental disorders ADHD, how to seek mental health information and knowledge of the causes and the risk factors and causes of the mental disorder, treatment and attitudes that help promote relevant help (Chiarelli, 2006).

Physic 100 - Free Essay Example

Name: __________________________ Date: _____________ |1. |British civil service workers in executive positions live longer than those in clerical positions. This best illustrates the | | |value of: | |A) |emotion-focused coping. | |B) |the general adaptation syndrome. | |C) |spontaneous remission. | |D) |perceived control. | |2. Compared with nonsmokers, smokers experience: | |A) |higher rates of depression and higher rates of divorce. | |B) |lower rates of depression and lower rates of divorce. | |C) |lower rates of depression and higher rates of divorce. | |D) |higher rates of depression and lower rates of divorce. | |3. |People who are constantly dieting place themselves at ________ risk for depression and ________ risk for binge eating. |A) |increased; decreased | |B) |decreased; decreased | |C) |increased; increased | |D) |decreased; increased | |4. |If we are nervous about our personal appearance after adopting a new hairstyle, we are likely to ________ the extent to which | | |others notice our nervousness and we are likely to ________ the extent to which they notice our new hairstyle. |A) |underestimate; underestimate | |B) |overestimate; underestimate | |C) |underestimate; overestimate | |D) |ove restimate; overestimate | |5. Imitating another persons facial expression of emotion is most likely to facilitate: | |A) |parasympathetic nervous system activity. | |B) |the feel-good, do-good phenomenon. | |C) |an empathic response. | |D) |the catharsis of aggressive feelings. | |6. |Aerobic exercise is associated with: | |A) |increased levels of serotonin and increased levels of the endorphins. |B) |increased levels of serotonin and decreased levels of the endorphins. | |C) |decreased levels of serotonin and decreased levels of the endorphins. | |D) |decreased levels of serotonin and increased levels of the endorphins. | |7. |The defense mechanism in which selfjustifying explanations replace the real, unconscious reasons for actions is: | |A) |displacement. | |B) |rationalization. | |C) |projection. | |D) |reaction formation. | |8. |By dramatically reducing her daily caloric intake, Marilyn plans o reduce her normal body weight by 10 to 15 percent. Research | | |suggests that af ter three or four weeks of sustained dieting, Marilyn will: | |A) |experience a decrease in her feelings of hunger. | |B) |have a lower set point for body weight. | |C) |have a lower fat cell count. | |D) |have a lower resting metabolic rate. | |9. |Ader and Cohen observed that suppressed immune system functioning in rats was a(n) ________ to saccharin-sweetened water. |A) |conditioned response (CR) | |B) |unconditioned response (UR) | |C) |conditioned stimulus (CS) | |D) |unconditioned stimulus (US) | |10. |Luigi minimized the stress of testing positive for HIV by viewing this circumstance as an opportunity for a renewed religious | | |commitment and spiritual growth. His reaction best illustrates the importance of: | |A) |stress appraisal. | |B) |Biofeedback | |C) |spontaneous remission. | |D) |the Type A personality. | |11. |Stress is most likely to speed the progression from HIV to AIDS by: | |A) |slowing the shortening of telomeres. | |B) |increasing the release of glucocorticoids. | |C) |accelerating the enlargement of the thymus gland. | |D) |increasing the production of lymphocytes. | |12. Teens are more likely to experiment with tobacco if they: | |A) |are not concerned about how others perceive them. | |B) |see actors smoking in movies. | |C) |feel in control of their future. | |D) |engage in problem-focused coping. | |13. |Young teens are most likely to start smoking in order to: | |A) |reduce their mental alertness. | |B) |reduce their blood pressure. | |C) |trigger the release of lymphocytes. | |D) |gain social acceptance. | |14. When 2-year-old Matthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate, he threw his plate on the | | |floor in a temper tantrum. Freud would have suggested that Matthew was unable to resist the demands of his: | |A) |ego. | |B) |Oedipus complex. | |C) |superego. | |D) |id. | |15. |Personality is fruitfully studied at multiple levels of analysis because people are best understood as: | |A) |demonstrating self-serving bias. | |B) |unconscious information processors. | |C) |possessing enduring traits. | |D) |biopsychosocial organisms. |16. |Logan is an unsuccessful businessman who feels little satisfaction with life. In order to increase his subjective well-being, | | |Logan should: | |A) |recall past moments when his life was much more pleasant than it is now. | |B) |imagine what his own life might be like if he became rich and famous. | |C) |imagine what his life might be like if he were suffering from a fatal disease. | |D) |compare himself with friends who became rich and successful. | |17. A psychologist would most likely use biofeedback to provide clients with information about their: | |A) |blood type. | |B) |genetic makeup. | |C) |cholesterol level. | |D) |muscle tension. | |18. |One study of migraine headache patients found that the majority of those who received â€Å"sham acupuncture† enjoyed relief. The | | |patients pain relief is most likely attributable to: | |A) |the placebo effect. | |B) |a decrease in lymphocyte production. | |C) |an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. |D) |problem-focused coping. | |19. |Humanistic psychologists would most likely be criticized for underestimating the value of: | |A) |the spotlight effect. | |B) |an internal locus of control. | |C) |self-serving bias. | |D) |social influence. | |20. |A psychotherapist suggests that Theresa can effectively reduce the anger she feels toward her ex-boyfriend by tearing pictures | | |of him into little pieces. This therapeutic technique is based on the: | |A) |James-Lange theory. |B) |catharsis hypothesis. | |C) |two-factor theory. | |D) |adap tation-level principle. | |21. |The two-factor theory of emotion places more emphasis on the importance of ________ than does the James-Lange theory. | |A) |physiological arousal | |B) |Catharsis | |C) |subjective well-being | |D) |cognitive activity | 22. |Forgotten memories that we can easily recall were said by Freud to be: | |A) |preconscious. | |B) |unconscious. | |C) |displaced. | |D) |fixated. | |23. |When faced with an ever-increasing number of consumer product choices, people often experience the discomfort of: | |A) |the spotlight effect. | |B) |self-serving bias. | |C) |the false consensus effect. | |D) |information overload. | |24. Which of the following have been criticized the most for offering concepts that are vague and subjective? | |A) |terror-management theorists | |B) |social-cognitive theorists | |C) |trait theorists | |D) |humanistic theorists | 25. |For purposes of lie detection, investigators have most commonly made use of a(n): | |A) |electroencephalogr aph. | |B) |polygraph. | |C) |electrocardiograph. | |D) |myograph. | |26. |Karen Horney, a prominent neo-Freudian, disputed Freuds assumption that women: | |A) |suffer an Electra complex. | |B) |have stronger sexual instincts than men. | |C) |never experience a phallic stage of development. | |D) |have weak superegos. | |27. Maslow most clearly interjected his own personal values into his study of self-actualized individuals by: | |A) |interpreting their flattering self-descriptions as a self-serving bias. | |B) |using projective tests to assess their motives. | |C) |selectively studying people with qualities he admired. | |D) |overemphasizing the value of their loyalty to cultural norms. | |28. |A person who experiences defensive self-esteem is ________ to demonstrate self-serving bias and is ________ to feel angry when | | |criticized. |A) |likely; likely | |B) |unlikely; unlikely | |C) |unlikely; likely | |D) |likely; unlikely | |29. The results of early research on biofeedbac k were surprising because they indicated that people could learn to control bodily | | |functions regulated by the: | |A) |cerebellum. | |B) |frontal lobes. | |C) |autonomic nervous system. | |D) |lymph glands. | |30. |The text defines stress as: | |A) |physical, emotional, or mental exhaustion. |B) |the experience of conflicting motives that produce anxiety and tension. | |C) |the process by which we appraise and cope with environmental threats and challenges. | |D) |the blocking of an attempt to reach some important goal. | |31. |Employees who have just been laid off are asked questions that encourage them to express hostility toward their employer. | | |Research suggests that this opportunity to vent anger will: | |A) |lead them to perceive their employers actions as unavoidable. |B) |rechannel their anger into constructive motivation. | |C) |increase their hostility. | |D) |calm their emotions and reduce their anger. | |32. |A therapist tells a patient who is afraid of elevato rs that his rapid breathing while on an elevator is not due to fear but is a| | |natural consequence of too little oxygen in a small, enclosed space. With this new interpretation of his arousal, the patient no| | |longer dreads elevators. The reduction in the patients fear is best understood in terms of the: | |A) |two-factor theory. |B) |catharsis hypothesis. | |C) |adaptation-level phenomenon. | |D) |James-Lange theory. | |33. |Research participants came to anticipate the movements of the numeral 6 on a computer screen even though they were unable to | | |identify the rule governing its movements. This best illustrates: | |A) |repression. | |B) |the self-reference phenomenon. | |C) |nonconscious learning. | |D) |the spot light effect. | |34. As people experience negative emotions: | |A) |the left prefrontal cortex becomes less electrically active. | |B) |the right prefrontal cortex becomes more electrically active. | |C) |the right prefrontal cortex becomes less electrically act ive. | |D) |the left prefrontal cortex becomes more electrically active. | |35. |Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor is known as: | |A) |problem-focused coping. |B) |emotion-focused coping. | |C) |the general adaptation syndrome. | |D) |biofeedback. | |36. |Which of the following Big Five trait dimensions is most closely related to ones level of creativity? | |A) |Conscientiousness | |B) |emotional stability | |C) |Extraversion | |D) |Openness | |37. Research suggests that monkeys reared in the wild fear snakes because they: | |A) |have a particularly strong nervous system reaction to snake bites. | |B) |have encountered snakes near dead monkeys. | |C) |have observed other monkeys fearful reactions to snakes. | |D) |are biologically predisposed to fear nearly all primitive forms of life. | |38. |People tend to ________ their daily caloric intake and ________ their daily physical activity. |A) |overestimate; overestimate | |B) |overestimate; underesti mate | |C) |underestimate; underestimate | |D) |underestimate; overestimate | |39. |People who become blind eventually experience ________ levels of day-to-day happiness. Those who become paralyzed eventually | | |experience ________ levels of day-to-day happiness. |A) |below-normal; above-normal | |B) |above-normal; above-normal | |C) |near-normal; near-normal | |D) |above-normal; below-normal | |40. |One night after he heard his parents arguing, 4-year-old Wei had a vivid dream in which he saved his mother from being bitten by| | |a large snake. A psychoanalyst would most likely suspect that Weis dream reflects a(n): | |A) |Oedipus complex. | |B) |selfserving bias. | |C) |oral fixation. | |D) |reaction formation. | |41. |Mary enjoys socializing with friends and talking with them on her cell phone. Eileen prefers quiet times by herself when she can| | |reflect on her own thoughts. The characteristics of Mary and Eileen indicate that each has a distinctive: | |A) |personality. | |B) |collective unconscious. | |C) |fixation. | |D) |attributional style. | 42. |Confiding ones fears and frustrations to supportive friends is likely to ________ lymphocyte levels and ________ cortisol | | |levels. | |A) |increase; decrease | |B) |increase; increase | |C) |decrease; increase | |D) |decrease; decrease | |43. B lymphocytes inhibit ________, whereas T lymphocytes inhibit ________. | |A) |the release of epinephrine; the release of cortisol | |B) |viruses; cancer cells | |C) |bacterial infections; viral infections | |D) |telomeres; glucoc orticoids | |44. |Professor Lindstrom emphasized that obesity often involves the interactive influence of high set points, low perceived control, | | |and the ready availability of calorie-laden junk food. The professors emphasis best illustrates: | |A) |a biopsychosocial approach. | |B) |an optimistic explanatory style. | |C) |biofeedback. | |D) |the general adaptation syndrome. | |45. |Research on stressful life events indicates that: | |A) |survivors of a natural disaster are immunized against stress and have fewer long-term health problems. | |B) |those who live a relatively peaceful, monastic life actually suffer a higher-than-average rate of heart attacks. |C) |those who have been recently widowed or divorced are more vulnerable to disease and death. | |D) |all of the above are true. | |46. |One way for people to improve their own subjective well-being is to: | |A) |participate in regular aerobic exercise. | |B) |overestimate how much they can accomplish. | |C) |focus more attention on themselves. | |D) |do all of the above. | |47. |People who are challenged by physical disabilities are likely to maintain normal levels of self-esteem by: | |A) accepting as much personal responsib ility for their problems as for their accomplishments. | |B) |displacing their feelings of resentment. | |C) |developing an external locus of control. | |D) |comparing themselves with others who are similarly disabled. | |48. |Research on selfperception indicates that most people: | |A) |view themselves very favorably in comparison to most others. | |B) |underestimate the accuracy of their beliefs and judgments. |C) |are unrealistically pessimistic about their personal future. | |D) |feel more personally responsible for their failures than for their successes. | |49. |Programs that successfully discourage young people from smoking are likely to train them how to: | |A) |refuse others persuasive appeals to smoke. | |B) |use nicotine gum to satisfy drug cravings. | |C) |increase their consumption of high-carbohydrate foods. | |D) |reduce stress by means of biofeedback. | |50. As you are waiting to be interviewed for a job, your heart rate, body temperature, and breathing rate begin to increase. These | | |physiological changes are produced by activation of the ________ nervous system. | |A) |Somatic | |B) |Central | |C) |Sympathetic | |D) |Parasympathetic | 51. |Surveys of subjective well-being in 82 countries indicate that the two countries with the highest levels of self-reported | | |happiness are: | |A) |Canada and the Netherlands. | |B) |Ireland and Switzerland. | |C) |The United States and Australia. | |D) |Puerto Rico and Mexico. | |52. |According to the two-factor theory, the two basic components of emotions are ________ and ________. |A) |cognitive labels; physical arousal | |B) |physical arousal; overt behavior | |C) |facial expressions; cognitive labels | |D) |emotion-arousing events; physical arousal | |53. |Activation of the sympathetic nervous system ________ respiration and ________ salivation. |A) |increases; decreases | |B) |decreases; decreases | |C) |decreases; increases | |D) |increases; increases | |54. |Larry studies diligently beca use he is haunted by an image of himself being unable to get a job after graduation. Larrys | | |diligence best illustrates the motivational impact of: | |A) |possible selves. | |B) |an internal locus of control. | |C) |the spotlight effect. | |D) |unconditioned positive regard. | |55. |Athletes often attribute their losses to bad officiating. This best illustrates: | |A) |the spotlight effect. | |B) |self-serving bias. | |C) |the Barnum effect. | |D) |learned helplessness. |56. |Jed wants his roommate Dante to help him study for a physics test. Dante is most likely to want to help after he has: | |A) |heard that a friend was involved in an automobile accident. | |B) |been caught cheating on a math test. | |C) |received an â€Å"A† on his psychology test. | |D) |helped some friends repair a flat tire on their car. | |57. |In North America since the 1960s, the death rate due to coronary heart disease has ________, and the death rate due to | | |smoking-related cancer has _______. |A) |decreased; decreased | |B) |increased; decreased | |C) |decreased; increased | |D) |increased; increased | |58. |Who suggested that â€Å"we feel sorry because we cry . . afraid because we tremble†? | |A) |Walter Cannon | |B) |Stanley Schachter | |C) |Richard Lazarus | |D) |William James | |59. |Chiana and her husband both want to feel and express greater warmth and affection for each other. They would be advised to spend| | |time looking intently at one anothers: | |A) |lips. | |B) |hand gestures. | |C) |body postures. | |D) |eyes. | |60. |A hormone that increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels in times of emergency is: | |A) |epinephrine. | |B) |testosterone. | |C) |insulin. | |D) |acetylcholine. | |61. |Which of the following best explains why stress heightens vulnerability to bacterial and viral infections? |A) |Stress hormones facilitate the depositing of cholesterol and fat around the heart. | |B) |Stress hormones suppress the production of lymphocytes. | |C) |Stress hormones trigger the release of digestive acids. | |D) |Stress hormones accelerate the â€Å"hardening† of the arteries. | |62. |A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of: | |A) |extraversion. | |B) |openness. | |C) |conscientiousness. | |D) |emotional stability. | |63. Research has shown that neck-level spinal cord i njuries reduce the intensity of certain emotional experiences. This finding | | |supports the: | |A) |James-Lange theory. | |B) |catharsis hypothesis. | |C) |adaptation-level principle. | |D) |Cannon-Bard theory. | |64. |While Professor Gomez was going through a painful divorce, he tended to create unnecessarily difficult tests and gave his | | |students unusually low grades. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to view the professors treatment of students as an example | | |of: | |A) |regression. | |B) |projection. | |C) |reaction formation. | |D) |displacement. | |65. |According to Bandura, reciprocal determinism involves multidirectional influences among: | |A) |id, ego, and superego. | |B) |thoughts, emotions, and actions. | |C) |learned helplessness, locus of control, and optimism. |D) |behaviors, internal personal factors, and environmental events. | |66. |The stability of personality traits is best illustrated by the consistency of: | |A) |the self-reference phenomenon. | |B) |expressive styles. | |C) |unconditional positive regard. | |D) |the Barnum effect. | |67. |Overestimating the extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance is called: | |A) |the spotlight effect. |B) |external locus of control. | |C) |fixation. | |D) |self-serving bias. | |68. |Self-actualized people, as described by Maslow, are least likely to be highly: | |A) |self-accepting. | |B) |conforming. | |C) |compassionate. | |D) |religious. | |69. |As her professor distributed the mathematics test to the class, Blairs heart started to pound and her palms began to sweat. | | |These physiological reactions were activated by her ________ nervous ystem. | |A) |Central | |B) |Somatic | |C) |Parasympathetic | |D) |Sympathetic | |70. |According to the ________, you would be able to experience emotion even without sympathetic nervous system arousals. |A) |James-Lange theory | |B) |catharsis hypothesis | |C) |Cannon-Bard theory | |D) |two-factor theory | |71. |Research on obesity and weight control indicates that: | |A) |lean tissue is maintained by fewer calories than is fat tissue. |B) |overweight people typically suffer from a lack of willpower and self-discipline. | |C) |no matter how carefully people diet, they can never lose fat cells. | |D) |when an obese person has lost weight, a diet and exercise program are no longer necessary for maintaining the lower | | |weight. | |72. |Wild animals placed in zoos sometimes die shortly thereafter. These deaths are likely to result from a(n) ________ in the | | |animals production of ________. |A) |increase; androgens | |B) |decrease; cortisol | |C) |increase; serotonin | |i |decrease; lymphocytes | |73. |Which of the following is an example of biofeedback? | |A) |Jane decides to quit smoking after seeing a film linking cigarettes with cancer. | |B) |Kecia successfully quits smoking after her psychologist has her smoke so rapidly she cannot tolerate another cigarette. |C) |Milos learns to relax by being provided with information on changes in his heart rate. | |D) |Chico learns to lower his blood pressure by meditating twice a day. | |74. |The health risks associated with obesity are generally the greatest for those who carry their excess weight around their: | |A) |hips. | |B) |bellies. | |C) |thighs. | |D) |buttocks. | |75. |A general sense of happiness or life sat isfaction is most unrelated to whether people: | |A) |have a meaningful religious faith. |B) |have a happy marriage. | |C) |sleep well. | |D) |are well educated. | |76. |The two-factor theory of emotion would have difficulty explaining why a: | |A) |person automatically fears snakes even though he thinks they are attractive and harmless. | |B) |person comes to fear snakes after he sees someone else bitten by one. | |C) |persons fear of snakes is reduced after she learns that most snakes are harmless. | |D) |persons fear of snakes is reduced after she receives a calming tranquilizer. | |77. Kelly loves to boast about her accomplishments and becomes very upset when anyone criticizes her. Kelly most clearly | | |demonstrates: | |A) |the false consensus effect. | |B) |defensive self-esteem. | |C) |learned helplessness. | |D) |the spotlight effect. | |78. |Rannilt was euphoric after learning that she had been accepted by the medical school of her choice. After a few weeks, however, | | |she is only mildly excited when she thinks about her admission to medical school. This change in her feelings can best be | | |explained in terms of the: | |A) |adaptation-level phenomenon. | |B) |feel-good, do-good phenomenon. | |C) |catharsis hypothesis. | |D) |relative deprivation principle. | |79. |In rejecting claims that personality trait measures fail to predict behavior effectively, Seymour Epstein emphasized the | | |importance of: | |A) |factor analysis. |B) |projective tests. | |C) |reciprocal determinism. | |D) |multiple behavior assessments. | |80. |A psychophysiological illness is: | |A) |any psychological disorder that has a genetic component. | |B) |a disease of the central nervous system. | |C) |any physical illness that produces a psychological disorder. | |D) |a stress-related physical illness such as hypertension. | |81. The macrophage and lymphocytes are major agents of the: | |A) |limbic system. | |B) |parasympathetic nervous system. | |C) |immune system. | |D) |sympathetic nervous system. | |82. |Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol : | |A) |accelerate the buildup of plaques on artery walls. | |B) |decrease heart rate and blood pressure. | |C) |divert blood flow from muscle tissue to the bodys internal organs. |D) |are released by the thymus and lymph glands. | |83. |Because Greta is an extravert, she frequently goes to parties where she is encouraged to laugh and socialize with her friends. | | |Because Jim is an introvert, he frequently spends weekends in the library where its easy to quietly reflect and study. Greta | | |and Jim best illustrate what is meant by: | |A) |the Barnum effect. | |B) |the self-reference phenomenon. | |C) |an external locus of control. |D) |reciprocal determinism. | |84. |The feel-good, do-good phenomenon refers to the fact that when people feel happy they: | |A) |experience a more positive self-image. | |B) |report greater satisfaction with their whole lives. | |C) |make decisions more effectively. | |D) |are more willing to help others. | |85. |The subfield of psychology that pro vides psychologys contribution to the prevention and treatment of illness is known as: | |A) |behavioral psychology. | |B) |psychobiology. |C) |health psychology. | |D) |medical psychology. | |86. |Research on the nonverbal expression of emotion indicates that: | |A) |it is difficult to use nonverbal cues to mislead others about ones true emotions. | |B) |accurately identifying emotional facial expressions in people from different cultures requires personal experience with | | |those cultures. | |C) |the body movements and gestures used to express emotions are the same throughout the world. |D) |introverts are better than extraverts at recognizing nonverbal expressions of emotion in others. | |87. |Resisting the temptation to eat chocolate chip cookies led research participants to subsequently give up sooner than normal on | | |efforts to complete a tedious task. This illustrated that self-control weakens following: | |A) |unconditional positive regard. | |B) |the spotlight effect. | |C) |an exertion of energy. | |D) |the self-reference phenomenon. | |88. Scientists have isolated a gene that influences the amygdalas response to frightening situations. People with a short version | | |of this gene have high levels of ________ available to activate amygdala neurons. | |A) |Endorphins | |B) |Acetylcholine | |C) |Serotonin | |D) |Dopamine | |89. Researchers attempt to understand emotions using biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis. The | | |psychological level of analysis is especially likely to emphasize the importance of: | |A) |evolutionary adaptiveness. | |B) |facial expressiveness. | |C) |arousal. | |D) |cognitive labeling. | |90. |The adaptationlevel phenomenon refers to the: | |A) |tendency for emotional release to reduce levels of physiological arousal. |B) |tendency for evolution to favor organisms that adapt best to the environment. | |C) |tendency for standards of judgment to be heavily influenced by previous experiences. | |D) |perception that one is worse off than those with whom one compares oneself. | |91. |People tend to describe their experienced emotions along the two dimensions of: | |A) |expressiveness and meaningfulness. | |B) |valence and arousal. | |C) |physical and social. | |D) |clarity and stability. | |92. The spillover effect is best explained in terms of the: | |A) |two-factor theory. | |B) |relative deprivation principle. | |C) |catharsis hypothesis. | |D) |adaptation-level principle. | |93. |Haleys parents bought her a used bicycle for her birthday. She was thrilled until she learned that her best friend received a | | |brand new bicycle on her birthday. Haleys declining satisfaction illustrates the: | |A) |facial feedback effect. |B) |catharsis hypothesis. | |C) |relative deprivation principle. | |D) |adaptation-level phenomenon. | |94. |Aging women who had experienced prolonged stress as caregivers for children with serious disorders experienced a premature | | |decrease in th e size of their: | |A) |lymphocytes. | |B) |adrenal glands. | |C) |frontal lobes. | |D) |telomeres. | |95. Freud suggested that orally fixated adults are especially likely to exhibit: | |A) |an inferiority complex. | |B) |an Electra complex. | |C) |the self-reference phenomenon. | |D) |passive dependence. | |96. |In the United States, Canada, and Britain, smoking has become rare among those who: | |A) |experience obesity. | |B) |are highly educated. | |C) |are recent immigrants. | |D) |have parents who smoke. | |97. Contemporary psychologists are most likely to consider ________ to be of pivotal importance to personality. | |A) |the collective unconscious | |B) |the sense of self | |C) |the superego | |D) |unconditional positive regard | |98. |Mrs. Sunstedt believes that parents should accept and try to understand their childrens feelings and should honestly disclose | | |their own inner feelings to their children. Her approach to parentchild interaction was most explicitly recommended by: | |A) |Jung. | |B) |Rogers. | |C) |Bandura. | |D) |Allport. | |99. |According to the Cannon-Bard theory, body arousal is related to the sympathetic nervous system in the same way that subjective | | |awareness of emotion is related to the: | |A) |parasympathetic nervous system. |B) |thalamus. | |C) |cortex. | |D) |hypothalamus. | |100. |Researchers have found that people experience cartoons as more amusing while holding a pen with their teeth than while holding | | |it with their lips. This finding best serves to support the: | |A) |James-Lange theory. | |B) |Cannon-Bard theory. | |C) |catharsis hypothesis. | |D) |adaptation-level principle. |

The Global Financial Crisis Of India - 1441 Words

Introduction: The Global financial sector had seen one of the worst Global economic meltdown of staggering proportions. The root cause of the problem was substandard loans offered to a large number of customers with inadequate income by the United States Mortgage market. This crisis was commonly known as the Sub-prime crisis. These sub-prime mortgages were packaged and traded into securitized paper investments and were sold by the major financial institutions across the globe. Subsequently, these investments became non performing assets and infected the worldwide financial markets sparing not even the biggest and established financial firms. Globalization in the early 20th century ensured that the Indian economy and the financial markets†¦show more content†¦The main reason for such a hit was because of its rapid and growing integration in the world economy. The Indian banking sector was able to shave off much of the global meltdown. There were several reasons why this was possible, inclu ding a conservative approach by Indian banks on providing loans, heavy focus on cost cutting, adhering to the strict guidelines of the Reserve bank of India(RBI) and most importantly exploring only new markets which were immune to Global meltdown. In fact, it was hard to anticipate the overall effect that the crisis would have on the Indian economy. This was because there was no direct exposure of Indian banks to subprime mortgage assets or to any failed institutions. The growth of the Indian banking system was largely because of domestic consumption and investment. Even though there was little effect on the Indian financial and banking sector because of their limited exposure to troubled assets, prudent policies of RBI and low presence of foreign banks in the Indian market, there was a change in the market condition following the collapse of Lehman Brothers. With regards to the crisis, India saw a reversal of capital inflows due to heavy sell off by Foreign Institutional Investors which in turn made a downward impact on the domestic stock market. This reason coupled with limited access to other external funds exerted tremendous pressure on the FX market since the dollar liquidity was hampered. The chain reaction followed after this and the

Brown-Teaching-Listening.Pdf Uploaded Successfully

Teaching Listening Steven Brown cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sà £o Paulo Cambridge University Press 32 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013-2473, USA www.cambridge.org  © Cambridge University Press 2006 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2006 Printed in the United States of America Book layout services: Page Designs International  Table of Contents 1 2 3 4 Introduction 1 Activation of prior knowledge for improved listening comprehension 2†¦show more content†¦The idea of prior knowledge is one part of the cognitive model of language processing. That model says that when people listen or read, we process the information we hear both top-down and bottom-up. Top-down means using our prior knowledge and experiences; we know certain things about certain topics and situations and use that information to understand. Bottom-up processing means using the information we have about sounds, word meanings, and discourse markers like first, then and after that to assemble our understanding of what we read or hear one step at a time. 2 Teaching Listening I like to use as an example of the two kinds of processing my experience buying postcards at an Austrian museum. I speak no German. Having calculated that the postcards would cost sixteen schillings, I walked up to the counter and gave the clerk a twenty-schilling note. She opened the cash register, looked in it, and said something in German. As a reflex, I dug in my pocket and produced a one-schilling coin and gave it to her. She smiled and handed me a five-schilling coin. I managed the conversation based on my prior knowledge of how one deals with small change at a store. In some sense, I didn’t need to speak German, I just needed my prior knowledge. Later on that same trip, however, I did need to manage a transaction â€Å"bottom up† when I asked at the Madrid train station for tickets and was answered by a torrent of language that

World War Chapter 1 - 1699 Words

It is several hours since the meeting and Selison, now with his eyes sealed, Xasalamel and Zalminis are standing in the president’s private room in the UN headquarters along with one United States General. Two armed guards are standing on either side of the wooden door. The room is a simple square, almost like a hotel room, except instead of beds there is a large desk on the side opposite the door and there aren’t any windows. Several charts are around the room but nothing that could affect national security. There is a whiteboard on one wall with many different numbers on it that Xasalamel is standing next to with a marker in his hand. He twirls it in between his fingers while they wait. â€Å"Yes sir†¦yes†¦yes I will tell him that†¦thank you†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Main force? There’s more than one?† the general asks. â€Å"At least two actually, the bulk of the force and then just Kasol and a few of its best soldiers. Probably no more than five or six. Now they aren’t the problem because we know where they are going to be but it’s the large force that puzzles me,† Xasalamel answers. â€Å"Where are they going to land?† the general asks. â€Å"Wherever he is,† Xasalamel says, pointing at Selison. â€Å"Why him?† The general asks looking between the two of them. â€Å"Because I am the king of the Chaosns,† Selison says leaning against the president’s desk with his arms folded. The general continues to look between the king and the god before Zalminis finally chimes in. â€Å"Okay,† the general starts as he glances to the president who shrugs. â€Å"How are we going to deal with this war on two fronts?† â€Å"I’m taking Kasol personally. My brother and sister should be more than enough for whatever it brings with it. Plus, I have some friends that have been training with my sister since before the sun rose today. All together we will have five warriors ready to fight Kasol and its entourage.† Selison speaks with clear focus. â€Å"True, Jade and Mary have been working very hard on both their bodies and the Words,† Xasalamel says as he begins to create various mathematic formulas on the white board. â€Å"I’ll admit, I’m hesitant to send two humans to fight Kasol’s entourage, never mind that one of them is my queen and the otherShow MoreRelatedQuestions and Answers from The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara829 Words   |  4 Pages Chapter 1- The Spy 1. What is the spys usual occupation before the war? The spy was an actor. 2. How is he perceived by Longstreet? By Sorrel? Quote the passage or passages that best demonstrates their feelings. Longstreet thinks that he is not much of a spy, but he takes his word, seeing that there is no other person to believe.-quot;If you cannot find headquarters of this whole army you cannot be much of a spy. Sorrel just doesnt trust spies at all. Chapter 2- Chamberlain 3. What isRead More The Eye of the Hurricane986 Words   |  4 Pagesnational exhibition in1939 ( Switzerland’s Role in World War II). Because of Switzerland’s unified resolution to resist other forms of government, they were forced to rely on foreign relations and military vigilance to survive. In addition to its small size, the country boasted a lack of raw materials. With a dense population and a deficit in food production, Switzerland needed to trade with its neighbors to feed its population. Before the war, tourism, transportation services, and banking providedRead MoreChapter 1 Is One Of The Most Important Paragraphs In The1097 Words   |  5 PagesChapter 1 is one of the most important paragraphs in the story. It introduces the characters, setting, and the background. The setting is on the Western Front in Germany during the summer of 1916, World War 1. The characters introduced in chapter one are Tjaden, Mà ¼ller, Paul, Katczinsky, Kropp, Leer, Westhus, Ginger, Kemmerich, Himmelstoss, Detering, Kantorek, and Behm. Tjaden, Mà ¼ller, Leer, and Paul are all 19 years old and they all volunteered for the war. Tjaden is a skinny locksmith, but althoughRead MoreThe Critical Analysis Of Sun Tzu s The Art Of War1002 Words   |  5 Pages The Critical Analysis of Sun Tzuâ €™s the Art of War Introduction The leadership is an art which is based on invention, determination, irony, and a reflective identity (Grint, 2000). The Sun Tzu’s the Art of War is an ancient remaining military piece in the world and often considered the best. This book has powerful principles of human behavior and rules of conduct for military leaders. It also enumerates philosophies of war and how to win battles in any situation. The maxims of a Chinese legionnairesRead MoreAn American Soldier in World War I800 Words   |  4 PagesSoldier in World War I is written by Liberty professor David L. Snead. It tells the story of a soldier and his fiancà © relationship through World War I through letters they wrote one another. Professor Snead was introduced to the letters by a student of his Page Waugh. They were letters from her uncle to her aunt and with permission from her family he combines the letters and historical context to write a book about Browne, Marty and the war. The thesis of this book seems to be seeing the war throughRead MoreAPWH Ch1306 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿AP WORLD HISTORY Chapter Processing Work INTRODUCTION Historical Thinking Skill Exercise: Periodization: Compare the author’s periodization in Parts One through Six to the Colleges Board’s historical periodization. How do the author’s dates and titles compare to the College Board’s? What explains the similarities and the differences? Why do you suppose the periodization in world history can be so controversial? UNIT 1 CHAPTER 1: Historical Thinking Skill Exercise: Historical Argumentation:Read MoreThe Events Between 1939-1945 Became A Prominent Features Of The British World War1744 Words   |  7 PagesAs Europe dealt with the weight of memory left behind by the Second World War, it was apparent that the events between 1939-1945 became a prominent feature of the British psyche. Since 1945 Anglo-German relations have for the most part been civil on a political platform, yet on a broader scale perceptions of Germany have been dominated by images of the Second World War and Germany’s Nazi past. Television, alongside with other forms of popular culture offer an insight into this British obsession.Read MoreThe War of the Worlds920 Words   |  4 PagesThe War of the Worlds When earth is invaded, what will happen? Great science fiction novels explore many scenarios like this. The likelihood of an Alien invasion is still a highly talked about topic in science fiction today. But none approach the subject of alien invasions like The War of the Worlds. When looking for a science fiction novel a reader has a wide array of books to choose from. One would want to choose a classic science fiction novel that is engaging and believable. H.G. Wells’ novelRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Forever War 1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe Forever War by Dexter Filkins compiles a series of vignettes that detail his encounters as a reporter in Iraq and in Afghanistan. Released a year after, director Kathryn Bigelow’s The Hurt Locker also examines a harrowing account of the conflicts in Iraq. Both works poignantly present the unbridled violence that plague the region, and the futility of a war embedded within a vicious cycle of retaliation. Nevertheless, the po rtrayal of vengeance as a major motivating force of the war, as well asRead MoreThe Cold War : A New History By John Lewis Gaddis Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesI chose The Cold War: A New History by John Lewis Gaddis for my book to review. I originally read parts of this book for History of the International System, but we did not read the entire book in class, only certain chapters. It’s been two years since I’ve picked up the book, and after reading about the Cold War in the context of U.S. foreign policy rather than simply an international history class, it seems like an entirely new book. I really like how the book into broken up into a series of themes

Analysis Of Ralph Ellison s Flying Home And His Other...

Juan Bautista Mrs.Kotty English III 3/6/16 Ralph Ellison A Pseudo Messiah In Flying Home and his other writings, Ellison presents the concept of a true democratic America; However, Ellison exploits the black struggle to fulfill his own artistic ambitions, which prevented him from becoming great. He did not have the effect of Martin Luther King, because he was not looking to bring a whole class justice, but sought to weasel his way into a world of privilege and fame. Summary of Flying Home In Flying Home, A young, black pilot, spins out of control. He crashes breaking his leg. An old black man and his grandson find him. The old man keeps the pilot company while his grandson brings help. The pilot despises the old man for being uneducated and in a subservient position in society; He is worried that he will be cut from the air force, and become like the old man. The boy returns with white men who mock the pilot and threaten to lynch him. The old man convinces them leave the pilot alone. The pilot returns to the airfield knowing that the white officers will regard his accident as a further sign of racial incompetence. Elision’s Flying Home emphasizes the obstacles the double standard and vulnerability colored people have had in a white ruled society. In Randal Doane’s sociological quarterly review, he concretely analyzes Flying Home, â€Å" Ralph Ellison uses the anecdotes in Flying Home to insist on the same racial theme: Blacks are angels who even in Heaven are ruled by aShow MoreRelatedLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pagesphilologist Karl Morgenstern in his university lectures, and later famously reprised by Wilhelm Dilthey, who legitimated it in 1870 and popularized it in 1905.[1] [6] The genre is further characterized by a number of formal, topical, and thematic features.[7] The term coming-of-age novel is sometimes used interchangeably with Bildungsroman, but its use is usually wider and less technical. The birth of the Bildungsroman is normally dated to the publication of Wilhelm Meister s Apprenticeship by JohannRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesmay not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993

A Game of Thrones Chapter Sixty-five Free Essays

Arya The scent of hot bread drifting from the shops along the Street of Flour was sweeter than any perfume Arya had ever smelled. She took a deep breath and stepped closer to the pigeon. It was a plump one, speckled brown, busily pecking at a crust that had fallen between two cobblestones, but when Arya’s shadow touched it, it took to the air. We will write a custom essay sample on A Game of Thrones Chapter Sixty-five or any similar topic only for you Order Now Her stick sword whistled out and caught it two feet off the ground, and it went down in a flurry of brown feathers. She was on it in the blink of an eye, grabbing a wing as the pigeon flapped and fluttered. It pecked at her hand. She grabbed its neck and twisted until she felt the bone snap. Compared with catching cats, pigeons were easy. A passing septon was looking at her askance. â€Å"Here’s the best place to find pigeon,† Arya told him as she brushed herself off and picked up her fallen stick sword. â€Å"They come for the crumbs.† He hurried away. She tied the pigeon to her belt and started down the street. A man was pushing a load of tarts by on a two-wheeled cart; the smells sang of blueberries and lemons and apricots. Her stomach made a hollow rumbly noise. â€Å"Could I have one?† she heard herself say. â€Å"A lemon, or . . . or any kind.† The pushcart man looked her up and down. Plainly he did not like what he saw. â€Å"Three coppers.† Arya tapped her wooden sword against the side of her boot. â€Å"I’ll trade you a fat pigeon,† she said. â€Å"The Others take your pigeon,† the pushcart man said. The tarts were still warm from the oven. The smells were making her mouth water, but she did not have three coppers . . . or one. She gave the pushcart man a look, remembering what Syrio had told her about seeing. He was short, with a little round belly, and when he moved he seemed to favor his left leg a little. She was just thinking that if she snatched a tart and ran he would never be able to catch her when he said, â€Å"You be keepin’ your filthy hands off. The gold cloaks know how to deal with thieving little gutter rats, that they do.† Arya glanced warily behind her. Two of the City Watch were standing at the mouth of an alley. Their cloaks hung almost to the ground, the heavy wool dyed a rich gold; their mail and boots and gloves were black. One wore a longsword at his hip, the other an iron cudgel. With a last wistful glance at the tarts, Arya edged back from the cart and hurried off. The gold cloaks had not been paying her any special attention, but the sight of them tied her stomach in knots. Arya had been staying as far from the castle as she could get, yet even from a distance she could see the heads rotting atop the high red walls. Flocks of crows squabbled noisily over each head, thick as flies. The talk in Flea Bottom was that the gold cloaks had thrown in with the Lannisters, their commander raised to a lord, with lands on the Trident and a seat on the king’s council. She had also heard other things, scary things, things that made no sense to her. Some said her father had murdered King Robert and been slain in turn by Lord Renly. Others insisted that Renly had killed the king in a drunken quarrel between brothers. Why else should he have fled in the night like a common thief? One story said the king had been killed by a boar while hunting, another that he’d died eating a boar, stuffing himself so full that he’d ruptured at the table. No, the king had died at table, others said, but only because Varys the Spider poisoned him. No, it had been the queen who poisoned him. No, he had died of a pox. No, he had choked on a fish bone. One thing all the stories agreed on: King Robert was dead. The bells in the seven towers of the Great Sept of Baelor had tolled for a day and a night, the thunder of their grief rolling across the city in a bronze tide. They only rang the bells like that for the death of a king, a tanner’s boy told Arya. All she wanted was to go home, but leaving King’s Landing was not so easy as she had hoped. Talk of war was on every lip, and gold cloaks were as thick on the city walls as fleas on . . . well, her, for one. She had been sleeping in Flea Bottom, on rooftops and in stables, wherever she could find a place to lie down, and it hadn’t taken her long to learn that the district was well named. Every day since her escape from the Red Keep, Arya had visited each of the seven city gates in turn. The Dragon Gate, the Lion Gate, and the Old Gate were closed and barred. The Mud Gate and the Gate of the Gods were open, but only to those who wanted to enter the city; the guards let no one out. Those who were allowed to leave left by the King’s Gate or the Iron Gate, but Lannister men-at-arms in crimson cloaks and lion-crested helms manned the guard posts there. Spying down from the roof of an inn by the King’s Gate, Arya saw them searching wagons and carriages, forcing riders to open their saddlebags, and questioning everyone who tried to pass on foot. Sometimes she thought about swimming the river, but the Blackwater Rush was wide and deep, and everyone agreed that its currents were wicked and treacherous. She had no coin to pay a ferryman or take passage on a ship. Her lord father had taught her never to steal, but it was growing harder to remember why. If she did not get out soon, she would have to take her chances with the gold cloaks. She hadn’t gone hungry much since she learned to knock down birds with her stick sword, but she feared so much pigeon was making her sick. A couple she’d eaten raw, before she found Flea Bottom. In the Bottom there were pot-shops along the alleys where huge tubs of stew had been simmering for years, and you could trade half your bird for a heel of yesterday’s bread and a â€Å"bowl o’ brown,† and they’d even stick the other half in the fire and crisp it up for you, so long as you plucked the feathers yourself. Arya would have given anything for a cup of milk and a lemon cake, but the brown wasn’t so bad. It usually had barley in it, and chunks of carrot and onion and turnip, and sometimes even apple, with a film of grease swimming on top. Mostly she tried not to think about the meat. Once she had gotten a piece of fish. The only thing was, the pot-shops were never empty, and even as she bolted down her food, Arya could feel them watching. Some of them stared at her boots or her cloak, and she knew what they were thinking. With others, she could almost feel their eyes crawling under her leathers; she didn’t know what they were thinking, and that scared her even more. A couple times, she was followed out into the alleys and chased, but so far no one had been able to catch her. The silver bracelet she’d hoped to sell had been stolen her first night out of the castle, along with her bundle of good clothes, snatched while she slept in a burnt-out house off Pig Alley. All they left her was the cloak she had been huddled in, the leathers on her back, her wooden practice sword . . . and Needle. She’d been lying on top of Needle, or else it would have been gone too; it was worth more than all the rest together. Since then Arya had taken to walking around with her cloak draped over her right arm, to conceal the blade at her hip. The wooden sword she carried in her left hand, out where everybody could see it, to scare off robbers, but there were men in the pot-shops who wouldn’t have been scared off if she’d had a battle-axe. It was enough to make her lose her taste for pigeon and stale bread. Often as not, she went to bed hungry rather than risk the stares. Once she was outside the city, she would find berries to pick, or orchards she might raid for apples and cherries. Arya remembered seeing some from the kingsroad on the journey south. And she could dig for roots in the forest, even run down some rabbits. In the city, the only things to run down were rats and cats and scrawny dogs. The potshops would give you a fistful of coppers for a litter of pups, she’d heard, but she didn’t like to think about that. Down below the Street of Flour was a maze of twisting alleys and cross streets. Arya scrambled through the crowds, trying to put distance between her and the gold cloaks. She had learned to keep to the center of the street. Sometimes she had to dodge wagons and horses, but at least you could see them coming. If you walked near the buildings, people grabbed you. In some alleys you couldn’t help but brush against the walls; the buildings leaned in so close they almost met. A whooping gang of small children went running past, chasing a rolling hoop. Arya stared at them with resentment, remembering the times she’d played at hoops with Bran and Jon and their baby brother Rickon. She wondered how big Rickon had grown, and whether Bran was sad. She would have given anything if Jon had been here to call her â€Å"little sister† and muss her hair. Not that it needed mussing. She’d seen her reflection in puddles, and she didn’t think hair got any more mussed than hers. She had tried talking to the children she saw in the street, hoping to make a friend who would give her a place to sleep, but she must have talked wrong or something. The little ones only looked at her with quick, wary eyes and ran away if she came too close. Their big brothers and sisters asked questions Arya couldn’t answer, called her names, and tried to steal from her. Only yesterday, a scrawny barefoot girl twice her age had knocked her down and tried to pull the boots off her feet, but Arya gave her a crack on her ear with her stick sword that sent her off sobbing and bleeding. A gull wheeled overhead as she made her way down the hill toward Flea Bottom. Arya glanced at it thoughtfully, but it was well beyond the reach of her stick. It made her think of the sea. Maybe that was the way out. Old Nan used to tell stories of boys who stowed away on trading galleys and sailed off into all kinds of adventures. Maybe Arya could do that too. She decided to visit the riverfront. It was on the way to the Mud Gate anyway, and she hadn’t checked that one today. The wharfs were oddly quiet when Arya got there. She spied another pair of gold cloaks, walking side by side through the fish market, but they never so much as looked at her. Half the stalls were empty, and it seemed to her that there were fewer ships at dock than she remembered. Out on the Blackwater, three of the king’s war galleys moved in formation, gold-painted hulls splitting the water as their oars rose and fell. Arya watched them for a bit, then began to make her way along the river. When she saw the guardsmen on the third pier, in grey woolen cloaks trimmed with white satin, her heart almost stopped in her chest. The sight of Winterfell’s colors brought tears to her eyes. Behind them, a sleek three-banked trading galley rocked at her moorings. Arya could not read the name painted on the hull; the words were strange, Myrish, Braavosi, perhaps even High Valyrian. She grabbed a passing longshoreman by the sleeve. â€Å"Please,† she said, â€Å"what ship is this?† â€Å"She’s the Wind Witch, out of Myr,† the man said. â€Å"She’s still here,† Arya blurted. The longshoreman gave her a queer look, shrugged, and walked away. Arya ran toward the pier. The Wind Witch was the ship Father had hired to take her home . . . still waiting! She’d imagined it had sailed ages ago. Two of the guardsmen were dicing together while the third walked rounds, his hand on the pommel of his sword. Ashamed to let them see her crying like a baby, she stopped to rub at her eyes. Her eyes her eyes her eyes, why did . . . Look with your eyes, she heard Syrio whisper. Arya looked. She knew all of her father’s men. The three in the grey cloaks were strangers. â€Å"You,† the one walking rounds called out. â€Å"What do you want here, boy?† The other two looked up from their dice. It was all Arya could do not to bolt and run, but she knew that if she did, they would be after her at once. She made herself walk closer. They were looking for a girl, but he thought she was a boy. She’d be a boy, then. â€Å"Want to buy a pigeon?† She showed him the dead bird. â€Å"Get out of here,† the guardsman said. Arya did as he told her. She did not have to pretend to be frightened. Behind her, the men went back to their dice. She could not have said how she got back to Flea Bottom, but she was breathing hard by the time she reached the narrow crooked unpaved streets between the hills. The Bottom had a stench to it, a stink of pigsties and stables and tanner’s sheds, mixed in with the sour smell of winesinks and cheap whorehouses. Arya wound her way through the maze dully. It was not until she caught a whiff of bubbling brown coming through a pot-shop door that she realized her pigeon was gone. It must have slipped from her belt as she ran, or someone had stolen it and she’d never noticed. For a moment she wanted to cry again. She’d have to walk all the way back to the Street of Flour to find another one that plump. Far across the city, bells began to ring. Arya glanced up, listening, wondering what the ringing meant this time. â€Å"What’s this now?† a fat man called from the pot-shop. â€Å"The bells again, gods ha’mercy,† wailed an old woman. A red-haired whore in a wisp of painted silk pushed open a second-story window. â€Å"Is it the boy king that’s died now?† she shouted down, leaning out over the street. â€Å"Ah, that’s a boy for you, they never last long.† As she laughed, a naked man slid his arms around her from behind, biting her neck and rubbing the heavy white breasts that hung loose beneath her shift. â€Å"Stupid slut,† the fat man shouted up. â€Å"The king’s not dead, that’s only summoning bells. One tower tolling. When the king dies, they ring every bell in the city.† â€Å"Here, quit your biting, or I’ll ring your bells,† the woman in the window said to the man behind her, pushing him off with an elbow. â€Å"So who is it died, if not the king?† â€Å"It’s a summoning,† the fat man repeated. Two boys close to Arya’s age scampered past, splashing through a puddle. The old woman cursed them, but they kept right on going. Other people were moving too, heading up the hill to see what the noise was about. Arya ran after the slower boy. â€Å"Where you going?† she shouted when she was right behind him. â€Å"What’s happening?† He glanced back without slowing. â€Å"The gold cloaks is carryin’ him to the sept.† â€Å"Who?† she yelled, running hard. â€Å"The Hand! They’ll be taking his head off, Buu says.† A passing wagon had left a deep rut in the street. The boy leapt over, but Arya never saw it. She tripped and fell, face first, scraping her knee open on a stone and smashing her fingers when her hands hit the hard-packed earth. Needle tangled between her legs. She sobbed as she struggled to her knees. The thumb of her left hand was covered with blood. When she sucked on it, she saw that half the thumbnail was gone, ripped off in her fall. Her hands throbbed, and her knee was all bloody too. â€Å"Make way!† someone shouted from the cross street. â€Å"Make way for my lords of Redwyne!† It was all Arya could do to get out of the road before they ran her down, four guardsmen on huge horses, pounding past at a gallop. They wore checked cloaks, blue-and-burgundy. Behind them, two young lordlings rode side by side on a pair of chestnut mares alike as peas in a pod. Arya had seen them in the bailey a hundred times; the Redwyne twins, Ser Horas and Ser Hobber, homely youths with orange hair and square, freckled faces. Sansa and Jeyne Poole used to call them Ser Horror and Ser Slobber, and giggle whenever they caught sight of them. They did not look funny now. Everyone was moving in the same direction, all in a hurry to see what the ringing was all about. The bells seemed louder now, clanging, calling. Arya joined the stream of people. Her thumb hurt so bad where the nail had broken that it was all she could do not to cry. She bit her lip as she limped along, listening to the excited voices around her. â€Å"—the King’s Hand, Lord Stark. They’re carrying him up to Baelor’s Sept.† â€Å"I heard he was dead.† â€Å"Soon enough, soon enough. Here, I got me a silver stag says they lop his head off.† â€Å"Past time, the traitor.† The man spat. Arya struggled to find a voice. â€Å"He never—† she started, but she was only a child and they talked right over her. â€Å"Fool! They ain’t neither going to lop him. Since when do they knick traitors on the steps of the Great Sept?† â€Å"Well, they don’t mean to anoint him no knight. I heard it was Stark killed old King Robert. Slit his throat in the woods, and when they found him, he stood there cool as you please and said it was some old boar did for His Grace.† â€Å"Ah, that’s not true, it was his own brother did him, that Renly, him with his gold antlers.† â€Å"You shut your lying mouth, woman. You don’t know what you’re saying, his lordship’s a fine true man.† By the time they reached the Street of the Sisters, they were packed in shoulder to shoulder. Arya let the human current carry her along, up to the top of Visenya’s Hill. The white marble plaza was a solid mass of people, all yammering excitedly at each other and straining to get closer to the Great Sept of Baelor. The bells were very loud here. Arya squirmed through the press, ducking between the legs of horses and clutching tight to her sword stick. From the middle of the crowd, all she could see were arms and legs and stomachs, and the seven slender towers of the sept looming overhead. She spotted a wood wagon and thought to climb up on the back where she might be able to see, but others had the same idea. The teamster cursed at them and drove them off with a crack of his whip. Arya grew frantic. Forcing her way to the front of the crowd, she was shoved up against the stone of a plinth. She looked up at Baelor the Blessed, the septon king. Sliding her stick sword through her belt, Arya began to climb. Her broken thumbnail left smears of blood on the painted marble, but she made it up, and wedged herself in between the king’s feet. That was when she saw her father. Lord Eddard stood on the High Septon’s pulpit outside the doors of the sept, supported between two of the gold cloaks. He was dressed in a rich grey velvet doublet with a white wolf sewn on the front in beads, and a grey wool cloak trimmed with fur, but he was thinner than Arya had ever seen him, his long face drawn with pain. He was not standing so much as being held up; the cast over his broken leg was grey and rotten. The High Septon himself stood behind him, a squat man, grey with age and ponderously fat, wearing long white robes and an immense crown of spun gold and crystal that wreathed his head with rainbows whenever he moved. Clustered around the doors of the sept, in front of the raised marble pulpit, were a knot of knights and high lords. Joffrey was prominent among them, his raiment all crimson, silk and satin patterned with prancing stags and roaring lions, a gold crown on his head. His queen mother stood beside him in a black mourning gown slashed with crimson, a veil of black diamonds in her hair. Arya recognized the Hound, wearing a snowy white cloak over his dark grey armor, with four of the Kingsguard around him. She saw Varys the eunuch gliding among the lords in soft slippers and a patterned damask robe, and she thought the short man with the silvery cape and pointed beard might be the one who had once fought a duel for Mother. And there in their midst was Sansa, dressed in sky-blue silk, with her long auburn hair washed and curled and silver bracelets on her wrists. Arya scowled, wondering what her sister was doing here, why she looked so happy. A long line of gold-cloaked spearmen held back the crowd, commanded by a stout man in elaborate armor, all black lacquer and gold filigree. His cloak had the metallic shimmer of true cloth-of-gold. When the bell ceased to toll, a quiet slowly settled across the great plaza, and her father lifted his head and began to speak, his voice so thin and weak she could scarcely make him out. People behind her began to shout out, â€Å"What?† and â€Å"Louder!† The man in the black-and-gold armor stepped up behind Father and prodded him sharply. You leave him alone! Arya wanted to shout, but she knew no one would listen. She chewed her lip. Her father raised his voice and began again. â€Å"I am Eddard Stark, Lord of Winterfell and Hand of the King,† he said more loudly, his voice carrying across the plaza, â€Å"and I come before you to confess my treason in the sight of gods and men.† â€Å"No,† Arya whimpered. Below her, the crowd began to scream and shout. Taunts and obscenities filled the air. Sansa had hidden her face in her hands. Her father raised his voice still higher, straining to be heard. â€Å"I betrayed the faith of my king and the trust of my friend, Robert,† he shouted. â€Å"I swore to defend and protect his children, yet before his blood was cold, I plotted to depose and murder his son and seize the throne for myself. Let the High Septon and Baelor the Beloved and the Seven bear witness to the truth of what I say: Joffrey Baratheon is the one true heir to the Iron Throne, and by the grace of all the gods, Lord of the Seven Kingdoms and Protector of the Realm.† A stone came sailing out of the crowd. Arya cried out as she saw her father hit. The gold cloaks kept him from falling. Blood ran down his face from a deep gash across his forehead. More stones followed. One struck the guard to Father’s left. Another went clanging off the breastplate of the knight in the black-and-gold armor. Two of the Kingsguard stepped in front of Joffrey and the queen, protecting them with their shields. Her hand slid beneath her cloak and found Needle in its sheath. She tightened her fingers around the grip, squeezing as hard as she had ever squeezed anything. Please, gods, keep him safe, she prayed. Don’t let them hurt my father. The High Septon knelt before Joffrey and his mother. â€Å"As we sin, so do we suffer,† he intoned, in a deep swelling voice much louder than Father’s. â€Å"This man has confessed his crimes in the sight of gods and men, here in this holy place.† Rainbows danced around his head as he lifted his hands in entreaty. â€Å"The gods are just, yet Blessed Baelor taught us that they are also merciful. What shall be done with this traitor, Your Grace?† A thousand voices were screaming, but Arya never heard them. Prince Joffrey . . . no, King Joffrey . . . stepped out from behind the shields of his Kingsguard. â€Å"My mother bids me let Lord Eddard take the black, and Lady Sansa has begged mercy for her father.† He looked straight at Sansa then, and smiled, and for a moment Arya thought that the gods had heard her prayer, until Joffrey turned back to the crowd and said, â€Å"But they have the soft hearts of women. So long as I am your king, treason shall never go unpunished. Ser Ilyn, bring me his head!† The crowd roared, and Arya felt the statue of Baelor rock as they surged against it. The High Septon clutched at the king’s cape, and Varys came rushing over waving his arms, and even the queen was saying something to him, but Joffrey shook his head. Lords and knights moved aside as he stepped through, tall and fleshless, a skeleton in iron mail, the King’s Justice. Dimly, as if from far off, Arya heard her sister scream. Sansa had fallen to her knees, sobbing hysterically. Ser Ilyn Payne climbed the steps of the pulpit. Arya wriggled between Baelor’s feet and threw herself into the crowd, drawing Needle. She landed on a man in a butcher’s apron, knocking him to the ground. Immediately someone slammed into her back and she almost went down herself. Bodies closed in around her, stumbling and pushing, trampling on the poor butcher. Arya slashed at them with Needle. High atop the pulpit, Ser Ilyn Payne gestured and the knight in black-and-gold gave a command. The gold cloaks flung Lord Eddard to the marble, with his head and chest out over the edge. â€Å"Here, you!† an angry voice shouted at Arya, but she bowled past, shoving people aside, squirming between them, slamming into anyone in her way. A hand fumbled at her leg and she hacked at it, kicked at shins. A woman stumbled and Arya ran up her back, cutting to both sides, but it was no good, no good, there were too many people, no sooner did she make a hole than it closed again. Someone buffeted her aside. She could still hear Sansa screaming. Ser Ilyn drew a two-handed greatsword from the scabbard on his back. As he lifted the blade above his head, sunlight seemed to ripple and dance down the dark metal, glinting off an edge sharper than any razor. Ice, she thought, he has Ice! Her tears streamed down her face, blinding her. And then a hand shot out of the press and closed round her arm like a wolf trap, so hard that Needle went flying from her hand. Arya was wrenched off her feet. She would have fallen if he hadn’t held her up, as easy as if she were a doll. A face pressed close to hers, long black hair and tangled beard and rotten teeth. â€Å"Don’t look!† a thick voice snarled at her. â€Å"I . . . I . . . I . . . † Arya sobbed. The old man shook her so hard her teeth rattled. â€Å"Shut your mouth and close your eyes, boy.† Dimly, as if from far away, she heard a . . . a noise . . . a soft sighing sound, as if a million people had let out their breath at once. The old man’s fingers dug into her arm, stiff as iron. â€Å"Look at me. Yes, that’s the way of it, at me.† Sour wine perfumed his breath. â€Å"Remember, boy?† It was the smell that did it. Arya saw the matted greasy hair, the patched, dusty black cloak that covered his twisted shoulders, the hard black eyes squinting at her. And she remembered the black brother who had come to visit her father. â€Å"Know me now, do you? There’s a bright boy.† He spat. â€Å"They’re done here. You’ll be coming with me, and you’ll be keeping your mouth shut.† When she started to reply, he shook her again, even harder. â€Å"Shut, I said.† The plaza was beginning to empty. The press dissolved around them as people drifted back to their lives. But Arya’s life was gone. Numb, she trailed along beside . . . Yoren, yes, his name is Yoren. She did not recall him finding Needle, until he handed the sword back to her. â€Å"Hope you can use that, boy.† â€Å"I’m not—† she started. He shoved her into a doorway, thrust dirty fingers through her hair, and gave it a twist, yanking her head back. â€Å"—not a smart boy, that what you mean to say?† He had a knife in his other hand. As the blade flashed toward her face, Arya threw herself backward, kicking wildly, wrenching her head from side to side, but he had her by the hair, so strong, she could feel her scalp tearing, and on her lips the salt taste of tears. How to cite A Game of Thrones Chapter Sixty-five, Essay examples